NYPE 2015系列之三：Delivery, Laydays/Canceling

(編者按：續我司微信公眾號12月23日文章《NYPE 2015 系列之二：Duration/Trip Description》，編者現對交船以及受載期/銷約條款進行解析，與君共勉。)

NYPE93

2. Delivery

The Vessel shall be placed at the disposal of the Charterers at...........

The Vessel on her delivery shall be ready to receive cargo with clean-swept holds on tight, Staunch, strong and in every way fitted for ordinary cargo service, having water ballast and with sufficient power to operate all cargo-handling gear simultaneously.

The owners shall give the Charterers not less than..........days notice of expected date of delivery.

16. Delivery/Cancelling

If required by the Charterers, time shall not commence before....... and should the Vessel not be ready for delivery on or before.........but not later than...........hours, the Charterers shall have the option of cancelling this Charter Party.

Extension of Cancelling

If the Owners warrant that, despite the exercise of due diligence by them, the Vessel will not be ready for delivery by the cancelling date, and provided the Owners are able to state with reasonable certainty the date on which the Vessel will be ready, they may, at the earliest seven days before the Vessel is expected to sail for the port or place of delivery, require the Charterers to declare whether or not they will cancel the Charter Party. Should the Charterers elect not to cancel, or should they fail to reply within two days or by the cancelling date, whichever shall first occur, then the seventh day after the expected date or readiness for delivery as notified by the Owners shall replace the original cancelling date. Should the Vessel be further delayed, the Owners shall be entitled to require further declarations of the Charterers in accordance with this Clause.

NYPE2015

2. Delivery

1. The Vessel shall be delivered to the Charterers at..........(state port or place).

2. The Vessel on delivery shall be seaworthy and in every way fit to be employed for the intended service, having water ballast and with sufficient power to operate all cargo handling gear simultaneously, and, with full complement of Master, officers and ratings who meet the Standards for Training, Certification and Watch-keeping for Seafarers(STCW) requirements for a vessel of her tonnage.

3. The Vessel’s holds shall be clean and in all respects ready to receive the intended cargo, or if no intended cargo, any permissible cargo:

   (i) On*delivery; or

   (ii) On*arrival at first loading port if different from place of delivery. If the vessel fails hold inspection then the Vessel shall be off-hire from the time of rejection until the Vessel has passed a subsequent inspection.

   *(c)(i) and(ii)are alternatives; delete as appropriate. If no deletion then Sub-clause (c)(i) shall apply.

4. The Owners shall keep the Charterers informed of the Vessel’s itinerary. Prior to the arrival of the Vessel at the delivery port or place, the Owner shall serve the Charterers with..........days’ approximate and..........days’ definite notices of the Vessel’s delivery. Following the tender of any such notice the Owners shall give or allow to be given to the Vessel only such further employment orders, if any, as are reasonably expected when given to allow delivery to occur on or before the date notified. The Owners shall give the Charterers and/or their local agents notice of delivery when the Vessel is in a position to come on hire.

   Vessel itinerary prior to delivery:

5. Acceptance of delivery of the Vessel by the Charterers shall not prejudice their rights against the Owners under this Charter Party.

3. Laydays/Cancelling

If required by the Charterers, time on hire shall not commence before ..........(local time) and should the Vessel not have been delivered on or before..........(local time) at the port or place stated in Sub-clause 2(a), the Charterers shall have the option of cancelling this Charter Party at any time but not later than the day of the Vessel’s notice of delivery.

交船條款進行了大量重要的修改，主要變動內容為：

1. 2(b)分條款要求交付時船舶狀況滿足適航要求以及適合“意向”用途。在 NYPE 93中出現的“...in every way fitted for ordinary cargo service”的表述已進行了修改。首先，“fitted”一詞已被替換為“fit to be employed”。其次，“ordinary cargo service”這一表述被認為過于寬泛，現在的措辭改為“the intended service”。

2. 2(b)分條款新增了船東有義務配備符合《STCW公約》要求的船長、高級船員和普通船員的內容。盡管在后續第6條（Owners to Provide）中仍存在提供完整船員隊伍的常規義務，但此次修改新增了船員需滿足《STCW公約》標準的要求。如果租約執行過程中發生因船員素質達不到公約標準而發生的爭議，即使船員持有相應適任證書，也很有可能會被認為船東違約。因此，船東務必要打造一支穩定且有素質的船員隊伍。

3. NYPE 46和NYPE 93規定船東有義務在交付港口或地點交付船舶，且船舶要處于適航狀態以便能夠接收貨物。然而，時常會遇到交船地和裝貨地不一致的情況。因此，使用NYPE 46和NYPE 93時通常會對Delivery條款進行修改以適應這種情況。為避免此類繁瑣的修改，2(c)分條款將船東交付船舶的適航義務與適貨義務分開。雙方可以選擇同意船舶交付時就達到適貨的狀態，或者當裝貨地與交付地不同時，同意船舶在首個裝貨地達到適貨的狀態即可。

4. 當事方應當謹慎選擇并刪除2(c)分條款中不適用的選項。如果沒有刪除，將默認船東承擔在交船地要交付一艘適航適貨的船只。需要注意的是，如果承租人已指明了意向的首批貨物，那么船東的義務是確保貨艙達到該特定貨物所要求的清潔標準。如果租船人意向的首批貨物是臟貨，那么貨艙狀況只需要滿足臟貨要求即可。然而，如果租船人未指明意向的首批貨物，則船東必須確保將貨艙清理到租約所允許的任何貨物所需的清潔標準。實際上，這通常意味著要達到裝糧標準。

5. 在2（c）（ii）選項下，如果船舶未能通過驗艙，將從未通過之時停租，直至船舶通過后續檢查。在（i）選項下，租船人通常享有銷約權，但這一權利僅適用于（i）選項。在（ii）選項下，若船舶在抵達首個裝貨港時船艙未達到合同規定的要求，租船人的救濟是停租而不能撤銷租約。

6. NYPE 93首次引入的第 16 條（Delivery/Cancelling）中的“Extension of Cancelling”條款（即所謂的“質詢條款”）并未被納入NYPE 2015。原因是在擬定NYPE 2015時，租船人代表認為要在短時間內更改貨物買賣合同和信用證的現有安排會極其困難。并且，英國法下船方在銷約期前交付適航船舶并不是其絕對義務，再給船方一個質詢權對租船人來說不是很公平。當然在合同自由的大原則下，大家在選用NYPE2015時可以附加質詢條款。

7. 在（d）分條款中新增了一項詳細明確的交船通知條款，取代了NYPE 93中第 37 至 38 行的內容。與之前僅由船東在“預計交船日期”之前發出一系列通知的做法不同，新的措辭規定船東有義務向租船人通報船舶的行程計劃。這意味著船東應向租船人提供船舶的初始航行計劃，并隨后告知他們該計劃的任何后續變更。這一義務是在約定的交船通知要求之外新增的。

8. 無論租船人是在船舶過了銷約期抵達交船地時接受交船，亦或決定行使取消租約的權利，（e）分條款規定，他們仍擁有向船東索賠因船東違反租船合同而導致租船人所遭受的任何損失的權利。這避免了出租人面對租船人索賠時常會提出的棄權抗辯，減少了訴累。

9. Laydays/Cancelling條款明確以交船地時間為準，同時約定如果船舶在銷約期后抵達交船地，租船人如果要取消租約需要在船長遞交交船通知當天午夜前行使銷約權。

參考文獻：

1.《NYPE 2015 EXPLANATORY NOTES》

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原創：宋石磊

審編：劉衛東

編輯：張一平

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