高壓量子傳感、AI驅動分子模擬、高溫超導體、 氣相中的阿秒科學 | 本周物理講座

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報告人：Prof. Alexandre TKatchenko, University of Luxembourg

時間：3月31日（周二）10:00

單位：清華大學物理系

地點：物理樓W105

摘要:

The convergence between accurate quantum-mechanical (QM) models (and codes) with efficient machine learning (ML) methods seem to promise a paradigm shift in all-atom simulations. Many challenging applications are now being tackled by increasingly powerful QM/ML methodologies. These include modeling covalent materials, molecules, molecular crystals, surfaces, and even whole proteins under physiological conditions. In this talk, I attempt to provide a reality check on these recent advances and on the developments required to enable fully predictive dynamics of complex functional (bio)molecular and material systems Multiple challenges are highlighted - in particular transferability in chemical space and interatomic interactions - that should enable this field to grow for the foreseeable future.

報告人簡介:

Tkatchenko教授自2020年起擔任盧森堡大學物理與材料科學系主任及理論化學物理教授。團隊開發了精確和高效的第一性原理計算模型來廣泛研究復雜材料，旨在定性理解和定量預測其在原子尺度及更大尺度上的結構、內聚力、電子和光學性質。Tkatchenko教授在著名期刊上發表了200多篇文章（h指數80，引用超過35000次）；擔任Sci Adv.，Phys. Rev. Lett.和J. Phys. Chem. Lett.編委會成員；擔任美國物理學會APS Fellow；獲得德國物理學會Gerhard ErtI青年研究員獎，世界理論與計算化學家協會(WATOO) Dirac獎章，國際非共價相互作用會議(ICNI) van der Waals獎。

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報告人：Dr. Adil Kabylda, University of Luxembourg

時間：3月31日（周二）11:00

單位：清華大學物理系

地點：物理樓W105

摘要:

Machine learning force fields (MLFFs) promise to bridge the gap between quantum-mechanical accuracy and the computational efficiency needed to simulate realistic (bio)molecular systems, Yet their predictive power is often limited by the quality and coverage of training data, as well as by locality assumptions that miss the long-range effects governing molecular structure and dynamics, In this talk, I will present two contributions aimed at addressing these limitations, First, I will present SO3LR, a pretrained MLFF that couples an SO(3)-equivariant neural network with universal pairwise potentials for long-range electrostatics and dispersion. Second, I will introduce QCell, a quantum-mechanical dataset of ~0.5M diverse molecular fragments extending chemical space coverage of cellular components, designed to provide the breadth of data needed to train truly general-purpose models, Selected examples will illustrate how these advances enable simulations of complex (bio)molecular systems with near-ab initio accuracy. I will conclude with a short hands-on tutorial on using SO3LR and a discussion of current limitations and future directions.

報告人簡介:

Adil Kabylda was born and raised in Paviodar, Kazakhstan, and received his B,Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in Chemistry (summa cum laude) from Moscow State University in 2021. He completed his Ph.D. in Physics at the University of Luxembourg with Prof. Alexandre Tkatchenko in 2026. During his Ph.D. studies, he developed general-purpose machine-learning force fields for quantum-accurate simulations of complex (bio)molecular systems. Honors include gold medal at the 47th International Chemistry Olympiads (2015), a Yandex Silver Medal (2020), an FNR AFR Ph.D, Fellowship (2021), and selection as a Fellow for the 71st Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting (2022) and the 56th International Achievement Summit (2026).

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報告人：陳碧娟，普渡大學

時間：4月2日（周四）10:00

單位：中國科學院物理研究所

騰訊會議：327-652-632

會議密碼：0402

摘要:

A central goal of condensed-matter physics is to understand and control the interactions that give rise to complex collective states. Pressure is a clean and powerful tuning parameter that reshapes bonding and electronic structure, stabilizing phases—including superconductivity and magnetism—that are often inaccessible under ambient conditions. Diamond anvil cells (DACs) are widely used to reach such extreme pressures, but directly probing local magnetism inside a DAC has remained a long-standing challenge.

In this talk, I will present a quantum-enabled measurement strategy—a “quantum microscope” for extreme conditions—that turns the diamond anvil itself into a multifunctional analytical platform, allowing us to “see” the physics at high pressure. By engineering near-surface nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect centers in diamond and reading them out optically, we perform in situ, spatially resolved magnetic imaging under extreme conditions. This approach enables direct imaging of superconducting responses—Meissner flux expulsion and flux trapping—while the same samples are simultaneously characterized by transport measurements and complementary structural and chemical probes. I will highlight recent results on high-Tc superconductivity in pressurized bulk nickelates La3Ni2O7-δ and superhydrides LaHx, where we observe pronounced micron-scale variations in superconducting behavior at high pressure. I will discuss how correlating magnetic maps with chemistry and stress helps disentangle competing mechanisms and build quantitative structure–property links for understand the mechanism of superconductivity and other emergent phases under extreme conditions. Finally, I will conclude with a brief outlook on extending this approach to two-dimensional quantum sensing platforms.

報告人簡介:

陳碧娟博士2011年畢業于四川大學并獲學士學位，2016年于中國科學院物理研究所獲博士學位。此后，她先后在北京高壓科學研究中心（2016—2022，合作導師：丁陽研究員）、哈佛大學物理系（2022—2025，合作導師：Norman Yao 教授）和普渡大學物理系（2025年至今，合作導師：Tongcang Li 教授）開展博士后研究。陳博士長期從事極端條件下量子材料研究，重點發展基于金剛石 NV 色心和六方氮化硼自旋缺陷的量子傳感技術，并將其應用于高壓環境下局域磁性、應力的原位探測以及低維材料的納米尺度成像。近年來，她建立了集成于金剛石對頂砧（DAC）的量子傳感平臺，實現了超過 190 GPa 條件下的空間分辨磁成像，為揭示高壓超導體（如氫化物和鎳氧化物）的微觀機制提供了關鍵手段。此外，她的研究還結合多種先進實驗技術，包括同步輻射譜學（如共振非彈性X射線散射、X射線拉曼散射和X射線吸收譜等）、電輸運測量以及理論建模，系統研究量子功能材料在極端條件下的電子結構演化與新奇量子相行為。近五年來，以第一作者身份在 Nature 和 Physical Review Letters 等國際知名期刊發表論文3篇，其中 1 篇獲編輯推薦，H因子17。申請中國發明專利4項、美國發明專利1項。2016至2022年期間，參與國家自然科學基金及中物院挑戰者計劃等科研項目2項。

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報告人：鄭偉，北京理工大學物理學院

時間：4月2日（周四）15:00

單位：北京大學物理學院

地點： 物理大樓中樓212報告廳

摘要:

In this talk, I will present our study of high-temperature cuprate superconductors using the fermionic tensor network method—an advanced entanglement-based numerical approach capable of overcoming the notorious sign problem. By revisiting the standard t-J model, we surprisingly find that its ground-state manifold hosts a richer variety of superconducting states than previously expected. In addition to the conventional d-wave pairing, we identify various pairing density wave states as well as a fragile s-wave state. Our results suggest that pairing and global phase coherence may emerge separately in high-temperature superconductors. Finally, I will discuss possible pairing and superconducting mechanisms driven by geometric phase frustrations in these systems.

報告人簡介:

Wei Zheng received his bachelor’s degrees in physics and philosophy from Peking University in 2013, and his Ph.D. in theoretical physics from the Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University in 2019, under the supervision of Professor Zheng-Yu Weng. He subsequently held postdoctoral positions at The Ohio State University (USA) and The Chinese University of Hong Kong. He join the School of Physics of Beijing Institute of Technology as an assistant professor in 2025. His research primarily focuses on the theory of strongly correlated electron systems, especially high-temperature superconductors. Recently, his main interest focuses on the tensor network methods and their applications to these challenging quantum many-body problems.

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報告人：Pau Amaro Seoane，Universitat Politècnica de València

時間：4月2日（周四）15:30

單位：北京大學物理學院

地點：KIAA-auditorium

摘要:

The Galactic Centre contains populations of stellar-mass andsubstellar-mass compact objects orbiting the central black hole,classified as early extreme-mass ratio inspirals (E-EMRIs) and extremelylarge mass ratio inspirals (XMRIs). These systems constitute asymmetricbinaries, characterized by mass ratios exceeding 10,0000 to 1. This massdifferential causes the secondary body to approximate a test particle,completing tens of thousands or millions of orbital cycles prior tocoalescence. This high cycle count delineates the spacetime geometry andmultipolar structure of the central black hole with greater resolutionthan comparable-mass supermassive black hole binaries, which undergorapid coalescence and exhibit fewer in-band cycles. The prolongedorbital data can in principle also facilitate topological analysis. Byapplying the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, the accumulated orbital precessionparameters relate the integrated curvature of the spacetime to itstopological invariants. The continuous gravitational wave emission fromthese populations generates a non-Gaussian, non-stationary compositesignal within the frequency band of the Laser Interferometer SpaceAntenna. This aggregated signal comprises an incoherent superposition ofindividual waveforms from eccentric and circular orbits, whichsuperimposes upon the spectral signatures of other target sources,including binaries of supermassive black holes and verificationbinaries. Spectral analysis indicates that sources with minimalfrequency drift constitute an unresolved stochastic background, whilesystems with measurable frequency evolution produce distinct spectralcomponents. Extracting targeted signals from this composite datarequires time-frequency domain modeling and non-Poissonian statisticalsubtraction protocols.

報告人簡介:

I serve as a professor at the Department of Applied Mathematics of the Technical University of València (Universitat Politècnica de València) in València. Specifically, I am a fellow of the Institute for Multidisciplinary Mathematics. I teach at the School of Aerospace Engineering and Industrial Design. Additionally, I hold affiliations with Reinhard Genzel’s group at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, serve as an associate at the Higgs Centre For Theoretical Physics in Edinburgh. I am also visiting faculty at the Academy of Mathematics and System Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics in Beijing. I completed my five-year degree in theoretical physics at València, comprising 22 written examinations. Subsequently, I relocated to Heidelberg to pursue (first a Master’s, then) a PhD in theoretical astrophysics, focusing specifically on nonlinear dynamics within dense stellar systems and the cosmic evolution of supermassive black holes. Later, I joined the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics in Potsdam (the “Albert Einstein Institute”, or AEI) to research gravitational waves. Following a brief tenure of about one year in Barcelona studying protoplanetary disk formation and evolution, I accepted a Senior Scientist position back at AEI in 2008. There, I secured funding and established my own “Gravitational Wave” research group, which I led until 2016. I obtained my German habilitation from the University of Potsdam in 2016, followed by a docent title at the Technical University of Berlin. This qualification entitled me to teach and formally supervise astronomy PhD candidates at the Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik.

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報告人：Andrea Cavalleri，the University of Oxford (UK)

時間：4月2日（周四）16:00

單位：清華大學物理系
地點：物理樓W101報告廳

摘要:

I will discuss how coherent electromagnetic radiation, when tuned to collective modes in quantum materials, can be used to induce unexpected dynamical phenomena. Non-equilibrium emergent order, which include superconductivity, magnetism, ferroelectricity and other functional phenomena are perturbed, switched, suppressed or amplified in this way, with both fundamental and applied ramifications. I will touch on the crucial importance of modern ultrafast X-Ray Free Electron Lasers, and novel THz sources that are matched to these.

報告人簡介:

Andrea Cavalleri is the founding director of the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter in Hamburg (Germany) and a professor of Physics at the University of Oxford (UK). After receiving a laurea degree from the University of Pavia (Italy), he held graduate, postgraduate, and research staff positions at the University of Essen (Germany), at the University of California, San Diego (US), and at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US). He joined the Oxford faculty in 2005. He is best known for his experimental studies of the photo-induced phase transition in materials with strongly correlated electrons, such as transition metal oxides and organic conductors. In recent years, his research group has developed techniques that make use of strong TeraHertz pulses to manipulate directly lattice distortions and other collective modes of solids. Through precise optical control, he has shown that ordered states like superconductivity or ferroelectricity can be induced by light at temperatures far above the thermodynamic transition temperature. Motivated by the need to probe driven materials, he has also been a major driver in the development of ultrafast X-ray techniques since their inception in the late 1990s through their modern incarnation at X-ray Free Electron Lasers.

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報告人：孫暢，武漢大學

時間：4月3日（周五）10:00

單位：中國科學院物理研究所

地點：C樓207E會議室

摘要:

Type A GABA receptors (GABAARs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels that mediate the principal fast inhibitory signaling in the mammalian brain and are essential for maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition. Dysfunction of GABAARs has been implicated in a wide range of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Despite their importance as drug targets, precise pharmacological modulation of GABAARs remains difficult because the molecular identities and distributions of native receptor populations in the brain are still incompletely understood.

Using native purification approaches together with single-molecule and structural methods, I have characterized α1-containing GABAAR populations from the mammalian brain and begun to define their molecular composition and pharmacological diversity. In this seminar, I will discuss the experimental challenges of studying endogenous GABAARs, the strategies we have developed to overcome them, and how these advances open new opportunities for understanding subtype-specific receptor function and for guiding the development of more precise neuroactive therapeutics.

報告人簡介:

孫暢博士，現任范安德爾研究所研究科學家，2025年入選人才計劃，即將全職加入武漢大學藥學院任教。孫博士本科畢業于復旦大學藥學院，隨后于美國伊利諾伊大學厄巴納-香檳分校獲生物化學博士學位，并先后在貝克曼研究所與俄勒岡健康與科學大學從事結構生物學研究。他長期致力于從原子分辨率層面闡明膜蛋白（特別是電子傳遞鏈復合物與離子通道）的結構與功能機制。其研究手段涵蓋了從利用電子順磁共振技術原位探測泛醌自由基在蛋白結合口袋中的微環境，到運用冷凍電鏡技術解析膜蛋白的三維全局結構。在復雜膜蛋白樣品的生化制備與高分辨率結構解析領域，孫博士積累了深厚的研究造詣。

在方法學創新方面，孫博士率先將兩親性共聚高分子引入冷凍電鏡的膜蛋白研究中，并依托該前沿技術成功解析了替代性復合物三的亞基空間排布與電子傳遞網絡。此外，他利用重組抗體技術成功從腦組織中純化出關鍵的神經受體（γ-氨基丁酸受體），并通過冷凍電鏡系統闡明了其復雜的組裝模式與藥理學機制。相關核心成果已在 Nature、PNAS、J. Am. Chem. Soc.、Biochemistry 等國際頂級與權威學術期刊發表論文10余篇，其中以第一作者身份在 Nature 發表論文2篇。作為項目的核心骨干，孫暢博士在離子通道的分子機理探討與冷凍電鏡前沿技術應用方面具備極強的科研實力，曾多次受邀在離子通道戈登研究會議、生物物理年會等頂尖國際學術會議，以及美國西北大學、普渡大學等知名高校作特邀學術報告。

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報告人：Prof. Kiyoshi Ueda, Tohoku University

時間：4月3日（周五）10:00

單位：中國科學院物理研究所

地點：懷柔園區X1南樓101會議室

騰訊會議：192-899-648

摘要:

The natural time scale of electrons in action is of the order of attoseconds (1 as =10-18 s). Recent developments of generating attosecond pulses both in the laboratories and free electron laser facilities make an intangible dream of watching electrons in action a tangible reality. The Nobel prize of physics in 2023 was awarded to this field of attosecond science. Generations of isolated attosecond pulses in the soft X-ray regime at LCLS in the USA opens a new route to measure molecular core-level photoionization time delays that occurs in the attosecond timescale. Generations of two-colour attosecond pulses at LCLS opened the door to watch the electron (charge) in action in a molecule that occurs in the attosecond timescale. Generating phase-coherent multi-colour pulses at FERMI, on the hand, provided a novel approach to coherently control the electronic wave-packet and to read out the photoionization phase. The talk will also address the titled study with laboratory attosecond pulse train light sources, complementary to FELs, combined with high resolution electron spectroscopy and electron-ion momentum coincidence spectroscopy together with theoretical background. I acknowledge all the collaborators in the authors’ list of for fruitful collaborations.

報告人簡介:

Prof. Kiyoshi Ueda is a Professor Emeritus at Tohoku University, Japan, he received his Ph.D. from Kyoto University in 1982. After a distinguished career at Tohoku University as Research Associate, Associate Professor, and Full Professor (2003–2020), he now holds guest scientist positions at MBI Berlin and ShanghaiTech University. His research focuses on the ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics of small quantum systems—atoms, molecules, and clusters—using advanced light sources, including synchrotron radiation, femtosecond/attosecond lasers, and X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). Prof. Ueda is the author or coauthor of over 660 publications, including papers in Nature, Nature Photonics, Physical Review Letters, and Physical Review X. He has delivered approximately 170 invited and plenary lectures at international conferences. His editorial roles include serving on the Editorial Board of Physical Review X, and he has chaired major international conferences such as ICPEAC 2019. He is also a recipient of the Outstanding Referee Award from the American Physical Society.

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報告人：袁晨，里斯本大學

時間：4月3日（周五）15:00

單位：中國科學院理論物理研究所

地點：北樓322

摘要:

Gravitational waves offer a unique window into black holes and their surrounding environments. This talk explores how black hole environments can imprint observable signatures on gravitational-wave signals. Topics include ultralight dark matter around black holes and turbulent accretion disks. Together, these examples show how gravitational-wave observations can probe and constrain ultralight dark matter, accretion physics, and strong-field gravity.

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