山林氣象 —— 金農特展
編者按:“山林氣象——金農特展”是浙江美術館近年來繼王鐸、傅山、何紹基、趙之謙等自主策劃實施的“中國傳統經典系列”名家特展后的又一大展,也是這個系列中首次出現杭州籍藝術家。經過近兩年的籌備,此展從全國二十家文博單位機構借展200余件書畫作品、文獻,全面呈現金農一生絢爛的藝術成就與鮮明的風格特征,是金農代表性作品的集大成,也是金農專題性最強、規模最大的展覽。
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展覽前言/ Preface
金農(1687-1763),杭州人,清康熙二十六年生于錢塘江邊候潮門外,乾隆二十八年秋九月,歿于揚州佛舍,翌年歸葬杭州臨平黃鶴山。金農字壽門,號冬心先生,別號甚多。金農是清代“揚州八怪”的核心人物,碑派書法的杰出先行者,文人畫新境界開拓者的代表。
金農年十七習詩,以詩聞名江南士林,得到詩壇名宿毛奇齡、朱彝尊的賞識,師從著名學者何焯。清初金石學復興,碑學初萌,改變了當時帖學壟斷的單一書風。金農書法以隸為基,溢為諸體,拙樸清峭。最具代表性的是“漆書”。金農在書法上是善變者,具有極大的創造性。金農五十歲后始有畫事,“涉筆即古,脫盡畫家之習。”其畫古拙怪逸。畫竹、梅、馬、佛、山水、花卉等,多有長題,深厚的詩文修養賦予其畫作以更豐富的內涵和意趣。
金農中年移寓揚州,也曾出游數年,蹤跡半海內。摯友劉仲益曾題金農四十七歲像贊,有句:“半生舟楫蹄與輪,詩名到處傳千春。”在揚州時,金農與書畫家高翔、汪士慎、鄭板橋,文人厲鶚、杭世駿、全祖望、袁枚多有交往,時相雅集唱和;參與兩淮鹽運使盧見曾紅橋修禊;參加鹽商馬曰琯、馬曰璐小玲瓏山館雅集等。
金農五十歲時被薦舉博學鴻詞科,不中而返,布衣終身。隱與仕的選擇困擾了其一生,身處市井俗世,心慕山林氣象,這是金農的兩難困境。金農雖長期流寓商業繁華的揚州,賣畫為生,但其書畫殊具金石氣,文心禪意,冷雋孤絕,對后世影響深遠,近代“海上畫派”的趙之謙、吳昌碩等,及現代齊白石等名家也都從金農的書畫中得到啟示、汲取營養。
“金農特展”是浙江美術館近年來繼王鐸、傅山、何紹基、趙之謙等自主策劃實施的“中國傳統經典系列”名家特展后的又一大展,也是這個系列中首次出現杭州籍藝術家。此次從全國二十家博物館、美術館等機構借展二百余件作品、文獻,通過學術梳理,整合成繪畫、書法、金農與揚州八怪和金農歸去來兮四個單元,全面呈現金農一生絢爛的藝術成就與鮮明的風格特征,是金農代表性作品的集大成,也是近年以來金農專題性最強、規模最大的展覽。通過展覽,為我們今天更好地理解、傳承和創新中華優秀傳統文化,提供寶貴的示范與啟示。同時也藉以表達我們作為故鄉人,對這位藝術前賢的敬意與告慰,迎奉冬心先生“魂兮歸來”。
Jin Nong (1687–1763), a native of Hangzhou, was born outside Houchao Gate by the Qiantang River in the 26th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing dynasty. He passed away in Yangzhou in September in the 28th year of the Qianlong reign and was buried the following year at Huanghe Hill in Linping. Known by the courtesy name Shoumen and the literary name Mr. Dongxin, he also used numerous sobriquets and stood as a central figure among the “Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou,” a trailblazer of stele-school calligraphy, and a key innovator who explored the boundaries of literati painting.
At seventeen, Jin Nong began his study of poetry, and later gained recognition in the Jiangnan district for his mastery of poetry. He was recognized early by literary masters Mao Qiling and Zhu Yizun, and later studied under the renowned scholar He Zhuo. In early Qing dynasty, the revitalization of epigraphy and the emergence of the stele school diversified the calligraphic field long dominated by the model-book tradition. Jin Nong’s diverse calligraphy styles rooted in clerical script, developing a style both pure and incisive. His most celebrated creation, the “Lacquer Script,” reveals his versatile and creative aesthetics. After fifty, he began to paint seriously. His brushwork was instantly imbued with classical elegance, shedding all formulaic painterly conventions. His paintings—of bamboo, plum blossoms, horses, Buddha figures, landscapes, and flowers—often include long inscriptions, reflecting his deep literary cultivation that imbued his paintings with richer meaning and intellectual resonance.
In midlife, Jin Nong relocated to Yangzhou, though he traveled widely across the land. His friend Liu Zhongyi inscribed a portrait of the forty-seven-year-old Jin Nong: “Half a life by boat, hoof, and wheel—his poetic fame spreads like spring across the land.” In Yangzhou, he forged close ties with painters Gao Xiang, Wang Shishen, and Zheng Banqiao, and with literati such as Li E, Hang Shijun, Quan Zuwang, and Yuan Mei. He joined elegant gatherings hosted by Salt Commissioner Lu Jianzeng alongside the Hongqiao Bridge and by the Salt Merchants Ma brothers (Ma Yueguan and Ma Yuelu) at the Xiaolinglong Hill Villa.
At fifty, he was recommended for the prestigious Boxue Hongci imperial examination but was not selected, remaining a commoner throughout his life. Torn between reclusion and public service, he lived amid the commercial bustle of Yangzhou yet longed for “A Reclusive Spirit Amid the Mundane.” Though he made his living through selling paintings, his works were infused with epigraphic vigor, literary depth, and a distant, solitary grace, inspiring later masters such as “Shanghai School” leading figures Zhao Zhiqian and Wu Changshuo and the modern artist Qi Baishi.
“Jin Nong’s Art World” is the newest chapter in the Chinese Classics Exhibition Series independently curated by Zhejiang Art Museum, following exhibitions on Wang Duo, Fu Shan, He Shaoji, and Zhao Zhiqian—and marks the series’ first focus on an artist native to Hangzhou. Gathering more than 200 works and documents from 20 museums and art galleries across China, the exhibition is arranged into four sections: Painting, Calligraphy, Jin Nong and the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou, and Jin Nong’s Homeward Heart. It offers an overview of Jin Nong’s radiant artistic accomplishments and singular style, representing the most comprehensive and ambitious exhibition devoted to him in recent years. Through this exhibition, we offer renewed insight into the preservation, understanding, and creative transformation of China’s enduring cultural heritage, honor a great artist of his hometown and welcome the spirit of Mr. Dongxin back to the landscapes that shaped him.
展覽現場
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策展團隊
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作品欣賞
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清 金農
自畫像軸
131.3cm×59.1cm 1759年
故宮博物院藏
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清 金農
古佛圖軸
133cm×63cm 1760年
天津博物館藏
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清 金農
香林掃塔圖軸
61.5cm×28.8cm
蘇州博物館藏
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清 金農
月華圖軸
115.7cm×53.8cm 1761年
故宮博物院藏
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清 金農
風雨歸舟圖軸
126cm×50.4cm 1760年
上海博物館藏
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清 金農
人物山水圖頁(荷花銀塘)
24.3cm×31.2cm
故宮博物院藏
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清 金農
梅花圖頁
23.2cm×33.4cm 1758年
故宮博物院藏
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清 金農
花卉冊(八開之一)
24.5cm×32cm 1761年
遼寧省博物館藏
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清 金農
墨筆瓜果冊(十開之一)
24cm×31cm 1759年
吉林省博物院藏
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清 金農
墨竹立軸
125.5cm×43cm 1750年
湖南省博物館藏
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作品欣賞
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清 金農
隸書臨《西岳華山廟碑》冊(二十開選二)
27cm×28cm×2
天津博物館藏
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清 金農
隸書范成大《浙東舟中》軸
142cm×42.5cm
福建博物院藏
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清 金農
行書游禪智寺詩軸
89cm×31cm 1722年
故宮博物院藏
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清 金農
隸書雜記軸
61cmx43cm 1735年
揚州博物館藏
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清 金農
漆書“門無庭有”五言聯
105cm×24cm×2
故宮博物院藏
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清 金農
寫經體楷書詩冊(二十開選二)
21.8cm×9cm×4
上海博物館藏
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清 金農
楷隸選錄顏真卿《浪跡先生元真子張志和碑銘》軸
59.5cm×35.8cm
榮寶齋藏
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清 金農
行書致南莊手札
30.2cm×19.7cm
寧波市天一閣博物院藏
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清 金農
漆書《相鶴經》屏
85cm×126cm
西泠印社藏
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清 金農
漆書“素心即事”五言聯
86.3cm×19.7cm×2
中國美術學院美術館藏
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作品欣賞
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清 陳撰
花卉冊(十開之一)
20cm×30cm
天津博物館藏
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清 華喦
畫叢第六冊(走獸)(十二開選一)
31.5cm×23cm
君匋藝術院藏
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清 高鳳翰
隸書“庭空心靜”七言聯
130cm×24.3cm×2
湖南省博物館藏
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清 邊壽民
花卉蘆雁冊(十二開選一)
25.5cm×35cm 1733年
天津博物館藏
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清 李鱓
雜畫冊(八開選一)
26.8cm×38.3cm 1735年
浙江省博物館藏
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清 汪士慎
墨梅圖軸
110cm×24.2cm 1751年
中國美術學院美術館藏
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清 黃慎
草書七言律詩條幅
154×61.5cm
湖南省博物館藏
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清 高翔
墨梅圖軸
71.6cm×30.3cm
遼寧省博物館藏
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清 鄭燮
行書集古鏡銘七言詩軸
140cm×73cm 1759年
西泠印社藏
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清 李方膺
雙鹿齊鳴圖軸
133.5cm×59cm 1743年
天津博物館藏
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清 閔貞
壽星圖軸
194cm×97cm
天津博物館藏
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清 羅聘
雙馬圖軸
34cm×24cm
吉林省博物院藏
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作品欣賞
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清 毛奇齡
行書《寄京兆杜二游云間二首》軸
66.9cm×32.3cm 1709年
浙江省博物館藏
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清 朱彝尊
行書《送陳子萬明府之任安平二首》扇面
16.7cmx51.9cm
浙江省博物館藏
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清 何焯
楷書《節鈔孟堅東都賦》軸
182cm×67cm 1718年
西泠印社藏
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清 杭世駿
行書《陳村舟行口號詩》軸
96.1cm×36.2cm 1753年
浙江省博物館藏
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清 丁敬
行書《游蘭亭》詩軸
127cm×30cm
西泠印社藏
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清 蔣仁
草書節臨《閣帖》軸
133cm×50cm 1789年
西泠印社藏
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清 陳鴻壽
隸書“跗萼珪璋”八言聯
210cm×43cm×2
西泠印社藏
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清 黃易
隸書“鵝池閣”橫披
38cm×115.5cm
西泠印社藏
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清 金農
楷書金剛經拓片(1743年書·新拓)
27.5cm×61.7cm(十五開選一)
西泠印社藏
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清 丁敬、金農等
復園紅板橋圖題詠冊(釋明中繪一開)
20.2cm×29cm
浙江省博物館藏
本次展覽將持續至2026年3月15日,期間將不定時舉辦學術講座及導覽活動。
本館定于12月24日(周三)下午2:30,在浙江美術館國際學術報告廳舉辦“山林氣象——金農特展”首場“談席”學術講座,題為《金農書法的個案研究》,邀請嘉賓南京藝術學院教授、中國美術學院特聘教授黃惇先生主講。
講座觀眾預約將在浙江美術館之友公眾號發布,敬請期待!
轉載自浙江美術館
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