2月20日,話題“媽媽讓上交2萬壓歲錢孩子不干了”沖上微博熱搜,引發廣泛關注。
A heated discussion has erupted online after a 12-year-old boy refused to hand over his 20,000 yuan ($2,800) in Chinese New Year red envelope money to his mother.
據河南廣播電視臺民生頻道報道,12周歲的小王從長輩處收到2萬余元壓歲錢。母親讓其上交,表示壓歲錢是禮尚往來所得,應交給父母保管使用。但小王認為,壓歲錢是長輩給自己的,理應由自己保管并支配,雙方由此產生分歧。
According to the report, the mother requested the money, arguing that the cash was essentially a reciprocal exchange from gifts given to other children and should be managed by the parents. The boy, however, insisted the money was a personal gift to him and that he should have the right to control it.
在社交平臺上,有關“壓歲錢到底歸誰管”的帖子,也頻頻引起熱議。
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有網友認為,壓歲錢都是禮尚往來,理應交由父母。
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也有網友認為,讓孩子自己掌管壓歲錢,更有利于樹立正確的消費觀。
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還有網友建議,可以為孩子辦理一張銀行卡,專門用來存放壓歲錢。
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律師:壓歲錢所有權歸孩子
父母可代管但不能隨意用
“壓歲錢在法律上屬于贈與行為,一旦孩子或監護人接受,錢款發生轉移,這筆錢就歸未成年子女所有。”山東卓魯律師事務所董克強律師解釋,根據《民法典》,長輩給晚輩發壓歲錢,就是一份“贈與合同”。即便在人情往來中,父母同時也給對方孩子壓歲錢,這也是兩個獨立的法律行為,不能相互抵消。“您給別人的,是您的贈與;別人給孩子的,是孩子的合法財產,兩者不能混淆。”
However, a child's ability to manage the funds depends on their age. Children under eight are legally unable to make independent decisions about their property, so parents must act as their agents.
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那么孩子能隨意支配這筆人生中收到的“巨款”嗎?董克強律師指出,這取決于孩子的民事行為能力。如果孩子不滿八周歲,那么就屬于無民事行為能力人。他們無法獨立處分財產,必須由法定代理人(父母)代理。如果孩子八周歲以上,屬于限制民事行為能力人。他們可以獨立實施與其年齡、智力相適應的民事法律行為。
Children older than eight are considered to have limited capacity and can make small purchases, like stationery or books, but significant expenses, such as buying a smartphone or making large online donations, require parental consent.
董律師進一步解釋,孩子可以做的比如買文具、買課外書、買小零食。這些小額、日常的消費是合法有效的,而不可以做的,如果孩子想用壓歲錢購買昂貴的手機、給網絡主播巨額打賞,這些行為超出了其年齡、智力能判斷的范圍,必須經過父母的同意或追認,否則可能無效。
孩子的壓歲錢,父母能不能花?董克強律師結合《民法典》第三十五條給出了解答。“父母作為監護人,有義務幫孩子保管壓歲錢,但這不等于擁有所有權,更不意味著可以隨意使用。”董克強律師強調,監護的核心原則是 “最有利于被監護人”。
Lawyer Dong Keqiang from Shandong Zhuolu Law Firm clarified that parents, as guardians, are responsible for managing their children's property but do not own it. The legal principle of acting in the "best interests of the minor" applies.
那么什么情況下可以動用這筆錢呢?董克強律師列出了合法使用的場景:“如果是為了孩子的利益,是可以處置的。比如支付孩子的學費、輔導班費用,購買必需的生活用品,支付醫療費等,這些都是為了孩子生存和發展的必要開支。 或者是為了孩子財產的保值增值,比如在征求孩子意見后,將錢存入銀行。”他特別提醒,對于年滿八周歲的孩子,即使是為了孩子利益的開支,也應充分尊重孩子的意愿。“如果孩子明確反對父母動用這筆錢去做某件事,除非這件事關乎其基本權益,否則監護人不應強行處置。”
This means parents can use the money for the child's benefit, such as paying for school fees, essential living expenses, or medical costs. For significant decisions, especially when the child is over eight, their wishes should be respected.
理財經理建議:打理壓歲錢時
應注重孩子的財商教育
某國有銀行資深理財經理介紹,每年春節假期結束后,網點都會迎來未成年人專屬賬戶開立、壓歲錢定制儲蓄業務的辦理小高峰,越來越多家長開始重視通過正規渠道打理這筆錢。
上述國有銀行資深理財經理建議,家庭在打理孩子壓歲錢時,不必過度糾結所有權歸屬,更應注重過程中的財商教育。家長可結合孩子的年齡特點,采取共同開戶、分類記賬、按需支配的方式,將壓歲錢分為長期儲蓄、日常使用、學習支出等不同部分,讓孩子親身參與儲蓄、查詢、規劃的全過程;要注意的是,在選擇相關理財產品時,務必警惕“兒童專屬=更安全”的誤區,部分標注“兒童專屬”的產品并非全部保本,尤其是一些兒童專屬分紅型保險、少兒基金定投等,不屬于存款類產品,其收益具有不確定性。
Financial experts suggest that families move beyond the debate over ownership and focus on financial education. A senior relationship manager from a state-owned bank recommended involving children in the process by opening a bank account in their name and dividing the money into categories like long-term savings and daily expenses. This approach helps children learn about saving and managing money, though parents should be cautious about investment products labeled as "for children", as they may not be risk-free.
來源:中國青年報 河南廣播電視臺民生頻道 紅星新聞等
跟著China Daily
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