北京雪地驚現蚊子爬行，蚊子能抗寒了？

近日，雪地里的“蚊子”在各個平臺引發大家關注和討論。

不少網友以為這種蚊子是吸血蚊子，并認為是蚊子出現了抗寒性，且擔憂往后四季皆有吸血蚊子。

Reports of mosquitoes crawling on snow have recently sparked widespread discussion on social media, raising concerns that blood-sucking mosquitoes may have developed a resistance to cold temperatures and could become a year-round threat.

在雪地里爬的“蚊子”

是吸血的蚊子嗎？

先說答案：雪地里出現的蚊子并不是大家夏天常見的吸血蚊子，而是一種不吸血的搖蚊；一些搖蚊本就耐寒，就是這個季節活動的。

It is, however, clarified that the insects seen on snow are not blood-sucking mosquitoes but chironomid midges, harmless insects that do not bite and are naturally active in cold weather.

雌性的搖蚊，看起來和吸血的蚊子有些相似，但搖蚊前足往往較長，也不會翹著后腿兒。細看，它們也沒有針狀的“嘴”。

雄性的搖蚊，和雌性一樣，沒有針狀的“嘴”，同時有著毛茸茸的觸角。

Female chironomids may resemble mosquitoes at first glance, but they have longer front legs, do not lift their hind legs when resting, and lack the needle-like mouthparts used for biting. Males too, have no needle-like mouthparts and can be distinguished by their feathery antennae.

居室中常見的庫蚊，叮人吸血的蚊子，可以看到尖尖的針狀“嘴”和長且翹著的后腿兒。

早春公園里常見的大群飛舞的“蚊子”，其實也是搖蚊。

In contrast, common indoor mosquitoes such as Culex species have sharp proboscises and long, angled hind legs.

The swarms of "mosquitoes" often seen in parks during early spring are usually harmless chironomids.

為什么有人冬天在家被蚊子咬？

城市環境中，庫蚊和伊蚊是咬人的主力，其中庫蚊以成蟲的狀態越冬。因此即使是冬季，家里或樓道中也可能有躲在角落越冬的庫蚊成蟲。

曾經的冬天居室內溫度往往較低，而如今，人們越來越注重冬季室內的舒適度。隨著空調等供暖設施的普及，冬季室內也能溫暖如夏。這就可能喚醒在室內越冬的庫蚊成蟲，蘇醒的庫蚊便會開始咬人吸血。所以在冬季，被蚊子咬也是常有的事了。

Chironomids outdoors do not explain why some people report mosquito bites indoors during winter. In urban areas, Culex and Aedes mosquitoes, some of which survive winter indoors, are responsible.

Modern heating can awaken these dormant mosquitoes, making indoor bites during winter fairly common.

如何清除這些越冬的蚊子？

要清除室內越冬的蚊子，可以先用扇子扇動居室死角、儲物間、沙發背后和柜子縫隙等角落，驚擾藏匿的蚊子，待其飛出后直接拍打消滅。也可在樓道或屋內點蚊香熏殺，能有效滅殺隱藏較深的蚊蟲。

此外，由于冬季的蚊子屬于“越冬代”，活動力弱且不會快速繁殖，因此通過這樣一次集中的清理，基本就能讓整個冬季不再受蚊蟲困擾。

To eliminate overwintering mosquitoes, residents can disturb hiding spots — such as storage rooms, corners, behind sofas, and cabinet gaps — with a fan and kill the insects as they emerge, or use mosquito coils indoors. Since winter mosquitoes are low-activity and reproduce slowly, a single, thorough cleanup usually keeps homes mosquito-free for the season.

來源：光明網 澎湃新聞 @Chao Wu

跟著China Daily

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