漢斯·道維勒｜人工智能與文化：賦能可持續發展

IPP評論是國家高端智庫華南理工大學公共政策研究院（IPP）官方微信平臺。

導語：技術引發的主體性焦慮并非始于人工智能時代。然而，與工業機器、大眾傳媒和互聯網等技術相比，AI正逼近語言、創造與判斷等更接近“人之為人”的領域——正因如此，文化才成為理解其影響與治理路徑的重要坐標。而隨著AI應用不斷深入社會肌理，圍繞文化多樣性、數字鴻溝、創作者權益與知識產權的討論，也正成為全球關注的焦點。

在華南理工大學榮譽教授、聯合國教科文組織原副總干事、原戰略規劃助理總干事漢斯·道維勒（Hans d’Orville）看來，人工智能固然是推動可持續發展的強大工具，但文化才是為其指引方向的“羅盤”。可持續發展所需要的，不只是技術進步，更是植根于文化土壤的創新。只有將AI系統與文化價值、文化遺產、傳統、創造力、倫理原則、環境優先事項以及地方性知識體系相對接并加以融合，才能推動形成包容、有韌性、符合倫理的解決方案，真正賦能可持續發展。

*文章整理自漢斯·道維勒教授在由聯合國教科文組織國際創意與可持續發展中心、聯合國教科文組織東亞地區辦事處聯合主辦的第五屆“創意2030國際論壇”上的發言。

漢斯·道維勒（Hans d’Orville）

聯合國教科文組織原副總干事、原戰略規劃助理總干事；華南理工大學（SCUT）榮譽教授；聯合國教科文組織國際創意與可持續發展中心（ICCSD，北京）咨詢委員會主席

Former UNESCO Deputy Director-General and former UNESCO Assistant Director-General for Strategic Planning; Honorary Professor, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou; Chairman, Advisory Committee, International Center for Creativity and Sustainable Development (ICCSD) under the auspices of UNESCO, Beijing

AI and Culture:

Empowering Sustainable Development

人工智能與文化：賦能可持續發展

漢斯·道維勒教授在第五屆“創意2030國際論壇”上主持主旨演講及主題演講環節。圖源：主辦方

人工智能的不斷推進與廣泛應用，迫使我們直面這個時代一些最為深刻的議題：它將對文化、可持續發展乃至我們宜居的星球帶來怎樣的影響？正如聯合國秘書長安東尼奧·古特雷斯（António Guterres）所說：“技術必須服務于人，而不是反過來。”

The progressive use of Artificial intelligence (AI) compels us to confront some of the most profound questions of our time. What are the implications for culture, sustainable development and the preservation of a livable planet? As UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has said “Technology must be at the service of people. Not the other way around.”

如今，AI正在挑戰我們對于“何以為人”的理解。

AI challenges our understanding what it means to be human.

具體而言，AI對文化和創意領域蘊含著變革性潛力，包括擴大人們獲取文化遺產和創意內容的機會，以及支持多語種發展和數字創新。但與此同時，人工智能也引發了一些有關文化多樣性、分配報酬的公平性、知識產權和公平獲取等方面的重要關切。

Specifically, AI holds a transformative potential for the cultural and creative sectors – from expanding access to heritage and creative content to supporting multilingualism and digital innovation. At the same time, it raises critical concerns regarding cultural diversity, fair remuneration, intellectual property and equitable access.

平衡上述潛力與關切，需要認識到，文化本身就是發展的驅動力。而AI與文化相結合，能夠在推動可持續發展，尤其是推動聯合國17項可持續發展目標（SDGs）方面發揮變革性的作用。這17項目標遵循“不讓任何一個人掉隊”的原則，致力于讓全體人民為我們共同居住的星球建設一個更美好的未來。

Culture is an enabler and driver of development in its entirety. Together AI and culture can play a transformative role in advancing sustainable development and in particular the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which strive to build a better future for all people and the planet, guided by the principle of leaving no one behind.

AI固然是一種強有力的工具，但文化才是為其指引方向的“羅盤”。可持續發展所需要的，不只是技術進步，更是植根于文化土壤的創新。

While AI is a powerful tool - culture is the compass that guides its direction. Sustainable development requires more than technological advancement - it demands culturally grounded innovation.

聯合國體系已明確指出，人工智能具有推動全部17項可持續發展目標進展的潛力，是促進可持續發展的重要數字技術之一。圖源：unesco

然而，僅靠技術創新本身，并不能確保實現公平、包容且持久的進步。將AI系統與文化價值、文化遺產、傳統、創造力、倫理原則、環境優先事項以及地方性知識體系相對接并加以融合，將有助于建設面向未來的社會。這將催生出不僅高效，而且包容、有韌性、符合倫理的解決方案。在這一過程中，AI也將能夠激發人類創造力，并支持多元、多語種的文化內容發展，其中也包括數字文化遺產。

However, technological innovation alone cannot ensure equitable, inclusive, and lasting progress. Aligning and integrating AI systems with cultural values, heritage, traditions, creativity, ethical principles, environmental priorities and local knowledge systems strengthens the creation of future-ready societies. It will engender solutions that are not only efficient, but inclusive, resilient and ethical. In the process, AI will be able to foster human creativity and support diverse and multilingual cultural content, including digital cultural heritage.

在第五屆“創意2030國際論壇”期間，漢斯·道維勒教授與現場展出的機器人進行互動。圖源：主辦方

現下，塑造我們生活的政治、文化、教育、經濟與精神層面的社會建制（spiritual institutions），正持續被一種非對話的、建立在算法與大數據之上的技術體系所重塑。這一轉變正在改寫我們與知識、權威以及彼此建立聯系的方式，也存在將人類價值引向技術官僚式框架的風險。

The political, cultural, educational, economical, spiritual institutions that shape our lives are continuously being redrawn by technological systems not built on dialogue but on algorithms and big data. This shift alters how we relate to knowledge, authority and to one another. It risks drifting toward a technocratic framing of human values.

另一方面，融入文化視角的人工智能治理，能夠加快推進環境可持續、社會公平與經濟韌性。但要在保障文化多樣性和知識產權的前提下，使文化在社會各層面的人工智能政策制定與系統開發中得到真正體現，就必須承認并保護藝術家和創作者的權益。

Culturally informed AI governance can accelerate environmental sustainability, social equity, and economic resilience. While safeguarding cultural diversity and intellectual property rights, the meaningful reflection of culture in AI policies and system development at all societal levels requires also recognition and protection of artists and creators.

約一萬名作家近日聯合出版了一本名為《別偷這本書》（Don't Steal This Book）的特殊著作，以抗議人工智能公司未經許可使用其作品進行模型訓練。圖源：衛報

要讓AI真正賦能可持續的未來與發展，它就必須具備透明、公平、無偏見、包容且廣泛可及等特征。圍繞AI與文化所采取的有效路徑，應通過教育、研究和創新增強人的主體性，并保障人人參與文化生活這一基本人權。由聯合國教科文組織等國際機構制定的倫理框架，有助于確保AI發展與人權和可持續性原則相一致，并推動數字文化遺產的保護。

For AI to truly empower sustainable futures and development, it must be transparent, fair, unbiased inclusive and broadly accessible. Effective approaches to AI and culture should empower human agency through education, research, and innovation. They shall protect the human right for all to take part in cultural life.

Ethical frameworks developed by international organizations, like UNESCO, can help ensure that AI aligns with human rights and sustainability principles and promotes digital heritage protection.

在2021年《聯合國教科文組織人工智能倫理問題建議書》的基礎上，我們還應制定專門的政策路徑，確保AI發展尊重文化與語言多樣性，推動合乎倫理、以人為本的治理，并保障文化從業者的權利與生計。多方利益相關者合作與包容性參與，將是塑造AI系統的關鍵，而這樣的AI系統既能夠擴大文化可及性，也能夠保護并傳播文化遺產。

Building on the 2021 UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI, dedicated policy pathways shall ensure that AI development respects cultural and linguistic diversity, promote ethical and human-centered governance and safeguard the rights and livelihoods of cultural professionals. Multi-stakeholder cooperation and inclusive participation will be key in shaping AI systems which can broaden access to culture and safeguard and disseminate cultural heritage.

《聯合國教科文組織人工智能倫理問題建議書》提出了11個重點政策行動領域，為成員國推動負責任的人工智能發展提供了系統框架。圖源：UN

需要認識到，AI與文化對不同可持續發展目標的影響存在差異。

Yet, AI and culture have different impact on, and consequences for, sustainable development.

AI可以直接助力實現聯合國可持續發展目標中的若干具體目標，尤其是在環境可持續性方面。植根于文化語境的AI系統，能夠整合原住民知識和傳統生態知識，從而改進氣候適應戰略、生物多樣性保護、智慧農業推廣以及土地和水資源的可持續管理。

AI can contribute directly to several goals within the SDGs, especially regarding environmental sustainability. Culturally grounded AI systems can integrate indigenous and traditional ecological knowledge to improve climate adaptation strategies, biodiversity conservation, the promotion of smart agriculture and sustainable land and water management.

我們也可以將AI對社會可持續性的影響一并來看待，例如其在醫療健康、教育以及技能發展等方面所發揮的作用。在經濟可持續性領域，AI則有助于優化供應鏈管理，或提升數字創業與貿易的生產效率。

We also can lump together the impact of AI on social sustainability, like healthcare or education and skills development. In the field of economic sustainability AI can help to enhance supply chain management or drive productivity for digital entrepreneurship and trade.

在不同采用情景下，各個行業中人工智能帶來的全要素生產率提升存在一定差異。總體來看服務業和知識密集型行業獲益更大。圖源：OECD

但是，AI對文化的影響并非保持中立。它正在各個層面、各個領域重塑文化。AI對文化的影響，既可能具有變革性，也可能帶來沖擊性，這取決于它如何被治理、如何被采用，同時也受到治理方式、倫理原則、包容性以及社會選擇等因素的影響。

AI is not culturally neutral. It is reshaping culture at all levels and in all fields. The cultural impact of AI can be both transformative and disruptive, depending on how it is governed and adopted. Its impact on culture depends on governance, ethics, inclusivity, and societal choices.

若缺乏文化層面的融入，AI就有可能加劇偏見與不平等，削弱地方身份認同，擴大數字鴻溝，或侵蝕傳統知識體系。換句話說，將AI與文化聯系起來的戰略意義，最終并不由技術本身決定，而是取決于人類如何引導和規制它。

Without cultural integration, AI risks reinforcing bias and inequality, undermining local identities, widening the digital divide or eroding traditional knowledge systems. The strategic importance of linking AI and culture will not be determined by technology alone - but by how humanity guides and regulates it.

反過來，文化也在塑造社區如何接納并適應人工智能等新技術。它影響著人們的行為、價值觀、身份認同以及社會凝聚力。文化能夠激發可持續的生活方式、創造性創新、合乎倫理的技術應用，以及對本土知識體系的保護。文化遺產、地方傳統和本土藝術表達，則能夠確保AI解決方案既為社會所接受，也切合地方實際。

Culture on the other hand shapes how communities adopt and adapt technology. It influences behavior, values, identity, and social cohesion. Culture can inspire sustainable lifestyles, creative innovation, ethical technology use, and preservation of indigenous knowledge systems. Cultural heritage, local traditions, and artistic expressions ensure that AI solutions are socially accepted and locally relevant.

需要指出的是，AI并不是對人類創造力的替代，而是一種能夠強化這種創造力及其相關軟實力的工具。與其將AI視為威脅，不如將其看作一個深入探索人類創造力深層潛能的機會。通過與AI協作，人類能夠拓展可能性的邊界，并發現突破既有框架的全新表達形式。

AI is not a replacement for human creativity but rather a tool to enhance it and its associated soft power. Instead of seeing AI as a threat, one should recognize it as an opportunity to explore the depths of human creativity. By collaborating with AI, one can push the boundaries of what is possible and discover new forms of human expression outside the box.

AI也確有潛力成為一種創造性的協作者，使人們得以探索原本可能不會進入我們視野的理念與構想。AI可以為藝術家提供多方面支持，從生成草圖到提供配色方案，皆可勝任。與此同時，音樂人也可以利用AI譜寫旋律，甚至創作整首歌曲。在寫作領域，AI工具正越來越受到作者歡迎，因為這類工具能夠幫助激發靈感、擬定提綱，甚至依據寫作者的風格提出整段文字建議。設計是另一個正被AI深刻改變的領域。借助AI，平面設計師能夠更高效地創作Logo、網站和營銷材料。如今，設計師不再受限于自身已有的知識邊界，而能夠探索更廣闊的可能性。

Indeed, AI has the potential to act as a creative collaborator, allowing individuals to explore concepts that may not have otherwise been considered. AI can help artists with everything from generating sketches to providing color palettes. For their part, musicians can use AI to compose melodies and even entire songs. In the realm of writing, AI tools are becoming increasingly popular among authors, as such tools can help generate ideas, draft outlines, and even suggest entire paragraphs based on a writer’s style.Design is another field being revolutionized by AI. Graphic designers can create logos, websites, and marketing materials more efficiently with the help of AI. Instead of being limited by their own knowledge, designers can explore a wider range of possibilities.

圖表顯示創意行業不同職業與人工智能的潛在互補性存在明顯差異，其中部分崗位在高暴露的同時也具有較高互補性，說明AI更可能重塑而非簡單替代其工作內容。

盡管AI可以為文化專業人士提供輔助，真正持續推動創造力向前發展的，仍將是他們的情感、經驗與獨特視角。人類直覺與AI能力的融合，能夠催生創新，豐富個人生活、社區發展、國家進步乃至整個世界。AI不會終結創造力，而是會重新定義創造力。它能夠打開通往新思想與新可能的大門，從而激發人類靈感，拓展創造之旅。

However, while AI may assist culture professionals, it is their emotions, experiences, and unique perspectives that will continue to drive creativity forward. A fusion of human intuition and AI capabilities can lead to innovations, enriching lives, communities, nations and the world. AI will not end creativity; it will redefine it. AI can open the door to new ideas and possibilities that can inspire humans and enhance creative journeys.

就文化身份認同而言，AI系統受制于反映社會模式的大規模數據集。這帶來了多重風險：算法偏見可能固化刻板印象，某些文化可能在系統中代表性不足，特定文化規范也可能被嵌入技術設計之中。因此，必須推進具有文化包容性的AI設計，以防止歧視，并確保全球范圍內的公平與代表性。

As regards cultural identity, AI systems are influenced by large datasets that reflect societal patterns. This creates the risk of algorithmic biases reinforcing stereotypes, the underrepresentation of certain cultures, and embedding cultural norms in technology design. Culturally inclusive AI design is necessary to prevent discrimination and ensure equitable representation across the globe.

AI與文化在諸多議題上相互交織。文化多樣性與生物多樣性之間的相互關聯，為增強韌性、推進適應性和減緩風險提供了重要資源。AI在有形和無形文化遺產保護方面發揮著重要作用。它既可以幫助實現歷史文物、手稿和檔案的數字化與修復，也可用于古跡的三維重建。借助AI驅動的翻譯工具，我們還能夠通過打破語言障礙來促進跨文化交流。

AI and culture intersect on various issues. The interconnectedness between cultural and biological diversity provides resources for resilience, adaptation, and mitigation. AI plays an important role in preserving tangible and intangible cultural heritage. AI can help digitize and restore historical artifacts, manuscripts and archives as well as 3D reconstruction of damaged monuments. Language preservation through AI-powered translation tools can increase cross-cultural communication by breaking language barriers.

然而，在AI數據中，全球強勢語言往往占據過高比重，少數語言則面臨被數字邊緣化的風險。若管理不當，AI非但不能促進語言多樣性，反而可能加速語言同質化。

However major languages are overrepresented in AI data. Minority languages risk digital marginalization. If not carefully managed, AI could accelerate linguistic homogenization rather than diversity.

AI正在改變文化產品的生產與傳播方式。音樂、電影、文學、時尚和設計等創意產業及文化表達，都可以借助AI在智能化生產、可持續材料和虛擬體驗等方面拓展出新的創造形式。如今，作家和電影創作者正越來越多地使用AI工具進行草擬、編輯和視覺特效制作；設計師也將AI應用于更可持續、更高效的生產流程之中。這些新發展正在挑戰傳統關于作者身份和原創性的觀念，并提出一個關鍵問題：由AI生成的作品應歸誰所有？

AI changes how cultural goods are produced and distributed. Creative industries and expressions, such as music, film, literature, fashion and design can benefit from AI expanding into new forms of creativity through smart production, sustainable materials and virtual experiences. Writers and filmmakers are increasingly using AI tools for drafting, editing, and visual effects. Designers apply AI for sustainable and efficient production processes. These new developments challenge traditional ideas of authorship and originality and pose the question who owns AI-generated work.

此外，AI驅動的社交媒體算法，也在內容關注引導、社會觀念形成和流行文化塑造等層面影響社會行為與文化規范。流媒體平臺利用AI推薦機制塑造審美偏好，虛擬網紅也正在全球及各國不斷涌現。與此同時，也不能忽視自動化對創意領域就業帶來的影響。它既可能創造新的經濟機會，也可能引發勞動力市場擾動。

Besides, AI-driven social media algorithms influence social behavior and cultural norms in terms of attention to content, opinion formation and popular culture. Streaming platforms use AI recommendations to shape taste. Virtual influencers and digital performers are emerging globally and at national levels. Also, one should not ignore that automation affects jobs in creative sectors This may generate new economic opportunities but also cause labor market disruption.

AI的應用仍需克服若干挑戰，例如發達國家與發展中國家之間的數字鴻溝、AI數據集中的文化偏見、文化同質化風險、數據隱私問題，以及如何遏制AI系統過度消耗能源和水資源等。若治理得當，AI可以支持文化多樣性，擴大文化內容的獲取渠道，保護瀕危傳統，并促進跨文化對話。若與可持續發展目標（SDGs）相銜接，AI還能夠強化包容且可持續的文化生態系統。以文化敏感性為導向設計的AI工具，能夠提升不同語言群體和社會群體的可及性，減少算法偏見，并增強公眾對數字治理的信任。

But the use of AI needs to overcome several challenges, such as the digital divide between developed and developing nations, cultural bias in AI datasets, the risk of cultural homogenization, data privacy concerns and containment of excessive energy and water consumption by AI systems. When responsibly governed, AI can support cultural diversity, increase access to cultural content, preserve endangered traditions and foster intercultural dialogue. Aligned with theSDGs, AI can strengthen inclusive and sustainable cultural ecosystems. AI tools designed with cultural sensitivity increase accessibility across linguistic and social groups, reduce algorithmic bias and strengthen trust in digital governance.

讓我們將目光轉向中國，考察中國在以AI與文化賦能可持續發展方面的實踐經驗。根據中國國務院《新一代人工智能發展規劃》，中國已將AI定位為國家發展的核心驅動力。與此同時，文化振興與生態文明建設也是國家戰略中的兩大支柱。

Let us turn to China and its experience with AI and culture empowering sustainable development. China has positioned AI as a core driver of national development under theState Council of the People's Republic of China’s New Generation AI Development Plan. At the same time, cultural revitalization and ecological civilization are central pillars of the national strategy.

有專家提出，要推動人工智能貫穿“保護—展示—傳播—創新”全鏈條賦能文化建設。圖源：新華社

AI與文化的融合，為中國提供了一項戰略性機遇，使其能夠在與可持續發展目標相契合的框架下，依托高質量、綠色、包容的AI基礎設施，推進可持續現代化。

The convergence of AI and culture presents a strategic opportunity for the country to advance sustainable modernization through high-quality, green, and inclusive AI infrastructure in alignment with theSDGs.

AI驅動的環境監測和智能電網，有望加快減碳進程并提升空氣質量治理水平；政策層面可以為低碳數據中心、節能型算法設計提供激勵，也可以支持以可再生能源供電的算力設施及其他類型的綠色AI創新。進一步將傳統生態知識納入其中，還能夠增強氣候韌性戰略的有效性。

AI-driven environmental monitoring and smart grids could accelerate carbon emission reduction and air quality management. Incentives could be offered for low-carbon data centers, energy-efficient algorithm design. Support could also be provided for renewable energy-powered computing facilities and other types of green AI innovation. Integrating traditional ecological knowledge can furthermore improve climate resilience strategies.

中國及其他國家的許多城市，都擁有若干聞名于世界的文化遺產。這為率先探索AI驅動的文物保護提供了發展機遇，例如推動以AI為基礎的研發與博物館、文化遺產機構及創意產業相結合，并開發智能化文化遺產管理系統。

Many cities in China and other countriesare home to several world-renowned cultural heritage sites. This provides opportunities to pioneer AI-driven conservation and protection models, such as integrating AI-based R&D with museums, heritage institutions, and creative industries and the development of smart heritage management systems.

通過將技術進步與文化活力、生態責任相協調，這些城市能夠成為AI賦能可持續發展的全球范本。它們甚至還可以推動建立有關AI與文化可持續性的全球對話平臺，從而加強與世界各國、各城市之間的合作與知識共享，無論對方來自全球南方還是全球北方。

By aligning technological advancement with cultural vitality and ecological responsibility, these cities can serve as global models for AI-enabled sustainable development. They could even lead to the creation of global dialogue forums on AI and cultural sustainability, thereby intensifying collaboration and knowledge-sharing with countries and cities worldwide, both from the Global South and the Global North.

這將有助于推動全球AI標準與治理框架的協調統一，進而更好整合傳統知識、保護文化遺產、減少碎片化，并控制AI系統的環境足跡。與此同時，人文學科與技術領域之間的跨學科協作，以及國際合作，也可能是推動AI與文化共同啟發可持續發展的關鍵。

This may contribute to a harmonization of global AI standards and governance frameworks, helping to integrate traditional knowledge, protect cultural heritage, reduce fragmentation and contain the environmental footprint of AI systems. interdisciplinary collaboration between humanities and technologies as well as international cooperation may be critical to drive AI- and culture-inspired sustainable development.

IPP評論熱門文章

關于IPP

華南理工大學公共政策研究院（IPP）是一個獨立、非營利性的知識創新與公共政策研究平臺。IPP圍繞中國的體制改革、社會政策、中國話語權與國際關系等開展一系列的研究工作，并在此基礎上形成知識創新和政策咨詢協調發展的良好格局。IPP的愿景是打造開放式的知識創新和政策研究平臺，成為領先世界的中國智庫。