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Delépine胺合成反應,烷基鹵代物和六亞甲基四胺反應得到銨鹽,接著用HCl乙醇溶液酸解得到伯胺的反應。 此反應以法國化學家 Stéphane Marcel Delépine (1871-1965) 的名字命名。 反應機理和反應(產物為胺),(產物為醛)類似。
對于Delépine反應, 活性鹵代物(如芐基鹵代物,烯丙基鹵代物和α-鹵代酮)的反應效果都很好。 碘代烷烴反應速度最快,氯代與溴代底物反應比較緩慢。 在氯仿中原料是可溶的,反應后產物可以結晶出來,通常不需要繼續純化。
優點為底物易得,副反應少,反應步驟簡單,條件溫和。 六亞甲四胺已為叔胺,第一步只能在氮上引入一個烷基,因此水解后生成比較純凈的伯胺。
二雜原子取代亞甲基一般很活潑,但烏洛托品通常很穩定。在中性條件下,在水溶液中烏洛托品在沸騰條件下都很穩定,但在酸性醇溶液中會分解。此反應得到的烏洛托品季銨鹽,也可以分解得到氯化銨鹽和甲醛(在乙醇中則生成 二乙縮甲醛 )。
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此反應和非常類似,但是反應,底物通常為芐基鹵代物,HMTA通常是過量的,而且是在弱酸性條件下進行,和類似。 Delépine反應,一般鹵代物和HMTA基本上等當量反應得到季銨鹽,然后在強酸的醇溶液中水解得到伯胺。兩個反應沒有完全的界限,比如Delépine反應生成的伯胺, 如果體系中還有過量的HMTA, 酸性條件下加熱也有可能生成的產物醛。
反應機理
烷基鹵代物和六亞甲基四胺經過 SN2 反應得到六亞甲基四銨鹽,在酸性水解或醇解過程中,首先生成半胺醛,繼續分解得到甲醛,銨鹽和氯化銨:
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反應實例
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【 J. Am. Chem. Soc.1949, 71, 375-384】
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【Synthesis, 1988, 347-348】
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【Synthesis2002, 1101-1109】
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【J. Med.Chem.2004, 47, 756-760】
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【Synthesis2006,1975-1980】
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Hexamethylene tetramine (49.2 g, 0.350 mol) was dissolved in 750 mL chloroform, then 97.4 g 2,4-dibromo-acetophenone (7.4 g, 0.350 mol) was added all at once; the suspension was stirred overnight and the quaternary salt was collected, washed with 750 mL chloroform, and dried at 60?C under reduced pressure (20 mmHg) for 4 h. The product was treated with 900 mL methanol and 120 mL 48% hydrobromic acid at 20?C for 2 days. Solid was always present, so 600 mL methanol was added, and the suspension was heated at 50?C overnight and then at reflux for 1.5 h, cooled to 20?C, and evaporated at a bath temperature of 50?C to obtain a mushy solid, which was recrystallized from 700 mL water to give 84.4 g 4-bromobenzoylmethylammonium bromide dihydrate, in a yield of 73%, m.p. 273–277?C (dec.)
【J. Org. Chem., 2003, 68, 839】
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【 Russ. J. Gen. Chem., 2006, 1304-1309】
相關文獻
1. (a) Delépine, M. Bull. Soc. Chim. Paris 1895, 13, 352-355; (b) Delépine, M. Bull.Soc. Chim. Paris 1897, 17, 292-295. Stephe Marcel Delépine (1871-1965) was born in St. Martin le Gaillard, France. He was a professor at the Collège de France after working for M. Bertholet at that institute. Delépine’s long and fruitful career in science encompassed organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and pharmacy.
2. Galat, A.; Elion, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 3585-3586.
3. Wendler, N. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 375-384.
4. Quessy, S. N.; Williams, L. R.; Baddeley, V. G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1979, 512-516.
5. Bla?zevi?, N.; Kolnah, D.; Belin, B.; ?unji?, V.; Kafje?, F. Synthesis 1979, 161-176.(Review).
6. Henry, R. A.; Hollins, R. A.; Lowe-Ma, C.; Moore, D. W.; Nissan, R. A. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 1796-1801.
7. Charbonnière, L. J.; Weibel, N.; Ziessel, R. Synthesis 2002, 1101-1109.
8. Xie, L.; Yu, D.; Wild, C.; Allaway, G.; Turpin, J.; Smith, P. C.; Lee, K.-H. J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 756-760.
9. Loughlin, W. A.; Henderson, L. C.; Elson, K. E.; Murphy, M. E. Synthesis 2006, 1975-1980.
參考資料
一、Name Reactions (A Collection of Detailed Reaction Mechanisms), Jie Jack Li, Delépine amine synthesis,page 198-199.
二、有機化學門戶:https://www.organic-chemistry.org/namedreactions/delepine-reaction.shtm
相關反應
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