世衛(wèi)組織關(guān)于美國(guó)退出通知的聲明

世衛(wèi)組織關(guān)于美國(guó)退出通知的聲明

作為世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）的創(chuàng)始成員國(guó)之一，美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)為世衛(wèi)組織諸多重大成就作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)，包括根除天花，并在應(yīng)對(duì)脊髓灰質(zhì)炎、艾滋病毒（HIV）、埃博拉、流感、結(jié)核病、瘧疾、被忽視的熱帶病、抗微生物藥物耐藥性、食品安全等眾多公共衛(wèi)生威脅方面取得了顯著進(jìn)展。

因此，世衛(wèi)組織對(duì)美國(guó)通知退出世衛(wèi)組織深表遺憾——這一決定使美國(guó)自身和全世界都變得更加不安全。此項(xiàng)退群通知所引發(fā)的問題，將由世衛(wèi)組織執(zhí)行委員會(huì)在其2026年2月2日開始的例行會(huì)議上審議，并提交2026年5月舉行的世界衛(wèi)生大會(huì)年度會(huì)議進(jìn)一步討論。

世衛(wèi)組織注意到美國(guó)政府在聲明中稱，世衛(wèi)組織“詆毀、污損并侮辱”了美國(guó)，損害了其獨(dú)立性。事實(shí)恰恰相反。如同對(duì)待所有會(huì)員國(guó)一樣，世衛(wèi)組織始終本著誠(chéng)意與美國(guó)開展合作，并充分尊重其國(guó)家主權(quán)。

在美國(guó)的聲明中，還列舉了其退群理由之一是“世衛(wèi)組織在新冠疫情中的失職”，包括“阻礙及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確地共享關(guān)鍵信息”，并“隱瞞這些失誤”。誠(chéng)然，在這場(chǎng)史無前例的全球衛(wèi)生危機(jī)中，沒有任何一個(gè)組織或政府能做到盡善盡美，但世衛(wèi)組織對(duì)其疫情應(yīng)對(duì)行動(dòng)問心無愧。在整個(gè)大流行期間，世衛(wèi)組織迅速采取行動(dòng)，以透明、及時(shí)的方式向全球分享其所掌握的所有信息，并基于當(dāng)時(shí)可獲得的最佳科學(xué)證據(jù)向各會(huì)員國(guó)提供指導(dǎo)。世衛(wèi)組織推薦使用口罩、接種疫苗和保持社交距離，但從未在任何階段建議強(qiáng)制佩戴口罩、強(qiáng)制接種疫苗或?qū)嵤┓怄i措施。我們支持各國(guó)主權(quán)政府根據(jù)本國(guó)情況做出他們認(rèn)為最符合人民利益的決策——而這些決策權(quán)始終屬于各國(guó)政府自身。

早在2019年12月31日收到中國(guó)武漢報(bào)告“不明原因肺炎”聚集性病例的首份通報(bào)后，世衛(wèi)組織立即向中方要求提供更多詳細(xì)信息，并隨即啟動(dòng)了突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急管理系統(tǒng)。到2020年1月11日中國(guó)報(bào)告首例死亡病例時(shí)，世衛(wèi)組織已通過正式渠道、公開聲明和社交媒體向全球發(fā)出警示，召集全球?qū)＜遥l(fā)布了全面的技術(shù)指南，指導(dǎo)各國(guó)如何保護(hù)本國(guó)人民和衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)。2020年1月30日，世衛(wèi)組織總干事依據(jù)《國(guó)際衛(wèi)生條例》宣布新冠疫情構(gòu)成“國(guó)際關(guān)注的突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件”——這是國(guó)際衛(wèi)生法框架下的最高警報(bào)級(jí)別。彼時(shí)，中國(guó)境外報(bào)告的病例尚不足100例，且無死亡病例報(bào)告。

在疫情暴發(fā)初期數(shù)周乃至數(shù)月內(nèi)，總干事反復(fù)敦促所有國(guó)家立即采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)民眾，多次警告“機(jī)會(huì)之窗正在關(guān)閉”、“這不是演習(xí)”，并將新冠疫情稱為“頭號(hào)公敵”。

針對(duì)多項(xiàng)關(guān)于新冠疫情（包括對(duì)世衛(wèi)組織表現(xiàn)）的獨(dú)立審查，世衛(wèi)組織已采取措施加強(qiáng)自身工作，并支持各國(guó)提升其大流行防范與應(yīng)對(duì)能力。我們?cè)谝咔榫o急階段之前、期間和之后建立并運(yùn)行的全天候（24/7）系統(tǒng)，為包括美國(guó)在內(nèi)的所有國(guó)家的安全作出了貢獻(xiàn)。

美國(guó)還在聲明中聲稱，世衛(wèi)組織“推行一種受敵視美國(guó)利益國(guó)家驅(qū)動(dòng)的政治化、官僚化議程”。這一說法完全不符合事實(shí)。作為擁有194個(gè)會(huì)員國(guó)的聯(lián)合國(guó)專門機(jī)構(gòu)，世衛(wèi)組織始終秉持公正立場(chǎng)，致力于服務(wù)所有國(guó)家，尊重各國(guó)主權(quán)，不偏不倚。

世衛(wèi)組織感謝所有會(huì)員國(guó)的支持與持續(xù)參與。各國(guó)仍在世衛(wèi)組織框架內(nèi)攜手合作，共同應(yīng)對(duì)全球最嚴(yán)峻的健康威脅——無論是傳染性疾病還是非傳染性疾病。尤其值得一提的是，去年世衛(wèi)組織會(huì)員國(guó)通過了《世衛(wèi)組織大流行協(xié)定》，該協(xié)定一旦獲得批準(zhǔn)，將成為保障全球未來免受大流行威脅的一項(xiàng)具有里程碑意義的國(guó)際法律文書。目前，會(huì)員國(guó)正在就該協(xié)定的一項(xiàng)附件——“病原體獲取與惠益分享機(jī)制”（Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing system）進(jìn)行談判。若獲通過，該機(jī)制將促進(jìn)對(duì)具有大流行潛力的病原體的快速發(fā)現(xiàn)與共享，并確保各國(guó)公平、及時(shí)地獲得疫苗、治療藥物和診斷工具。

我們希望未來美國(guó)能夠重返世衛(wèi)組織并積極參與其各項(xiàng)工作。與此同時(shí)，世衛(wèi)組織將繼續(xù)堅(jiān)定不移地履行其核心使命和憲章賦予的職責(zé)：實(shí)現(xiàn)人人享有能達(dá)到的最高健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——這是所有人的一項(xiàng)基本權(quán)利。

WHO statement on notification of withdrawal of the United States

As a founding member of the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States of America has contributed significantly to many of WHO’s greatest achievements, including the eradication of smallpox, and progress against many other public health threats including polio, HIV, Ebola, influenza, tuberculosis, malaria, neglected tropical diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food safety and more.

WHO therefore regrets the United States’ notification of withdrawal from WHO – a decision that makes both the United States and the world less safe. The notification of withdrawal raises issues that will be considered by the WHO Executive Board at its regular meeting starting on 2 February and by the World Health Assembly at its annual meeting in May 2026.

WHO takes note of statements from the government of the United States that say WHO has “trashed and tarnished” and insulted it, and compromised its independence. The reverse is true. As we do with every Member State, WHO has always sought to engage with the United States in good faith, with full respect for its sovereignty.

In its statements, the United States cited as one of the reasons for its decision, “WHO failures during the COVID-19 pandemic”, including “obstructing the timely and accurate sharing of critical information” and that WHO “concealed those failures”. While no organization or government got everything right, WHO stands by its response to this unprecedented global health crisis. Throughout the pandemic, WHO acted quickly, shared all information it had rapidly and transparently with the world, and advised Member States on the basis of the best available evidence. WHO recommended the use of masks, vaccines and physical distancing, but at no stage recommended mask mandates, vaccine mandates or lockdowns. We supported sovereign governments to make decisions they believed were in the best interests of their people, but the decisions were theirs.

Immediately after receiving the first reports of a cluster of cases of “pneumonia of unknown cause” in Wuhan, China on 31 December 2019, WHO asked China for more information and activated its emergency incident management system. By the time the first death was reported from China on 11 January 2020, WHO had already alerted the world through formal channels, public statements and social media, convened global experts, and published comprehensive guidance for countries on how to protect their populations and health systems. When the WHO Director-General declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern under the International Health Regulations on 30 January 2020 – the highest level of alarm under international health law – outside of China there were fewer than 100 reported cases, and no reported deaths.

In the first weeks and months of the pandemic, the Director-General urged all countries repeatedly to take immediate action to protect their populations, warning that “the window of opportunity is closing”, “this is not a drill” and describing COVID-19 as “public enemy number one”.

In response to the multiple reviews of the COVID-19 pandemic, including of WHO’s performance, WHO has taken steps to strengthen its own work, and to support countries to bolster their own pandemic preparedness and response capacities. The systems we developed and managed before, during and after the emergency phase of the pandemic, and which run 24/7, have contributed to keeping all countries safe, including the United States.

The United States also said in its statements that WHO has “pursued a politicized, bureaucratic agenda driven by nations hostile to American interests”. This is untrue. As a specialized agency of the United Nations, governed by 194 Member States, WHO has always been and remains impartial and exists to serve all countries, with respect for their sovereignty, and without fear or favour.

WHO appreciates the support and continued engagement of all its Member States, which continue to work within the framework of WHO to pursue solutions to the world’s biggest health threats, both communicable and noncommunicable. Most notably, WHO Member States last year adopted the WHO Pandemic Agreement, which once ratified will become a landmark instrument of international law to keep the world safer from future pandemics. Member States are now negotiating an annex to the WHO Pandemic Agreement, the Pathogen Access and Benefit Sharing system, which if adopted will promote rapid detection and sharing of pathogens with pandemic potential, and equitable and timely access to vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics.

We hope that in the future, the United States will return to active participation in WHO. Meanwhile, WHO remains steadfastly committed to working with all countries in pursuit of its core mission and constitutional mandate: the highest attainable standard of health as a fundamental right for all people.

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